Artur Victoria

Laws are not self-enforcing Those to whom they are directed need to understand what they mean to them

The first requirement is to remember the critical role of the legislature in the integrity system People put too much faith in the capacity of a democratic legislature to prevent wrong-doing, we should never make the opposite mistake of rubbishing the integrity potential of democratic legislatures and put all our faith in independent or civil society 'watchdog' bodies

People view crime by professionals as particularly abhorrent, particularly heinous When an accountant steals from a client, a lawyer perverts justice and a doctor murders a patient, these crimes seem even more offensive

Improving professional or institutional behavior (and avoiding misbehavior) requires a coordinated approach based on a 'trinity' of ethical standard setting, legal regulation and institutional reform Such an approach recognizes that professional behavior falls into a normative continuum from the highest professional standards, through good work, sub-par work, misconduct and criminality

Institutionalizing of ethics is not done by the passage of legislation, regulation, or by any executive fiat Building ethics into the consciousness, reasoning, and action of a public sector not only takes time but involves an extensive process

The concept of social legitimacy is based on the premise that business relationships between a company and a particular stakeholder will not irresponsibly damage the legitimate interests of other stakeholders Legitimate is used in a broader sense than legal

In a profession, autonomy and self-regulation still hold true or are even desirable in the modem corporate and bureaucratic world A profession's right to exist, along with the power and privileges its members enjoy, rests upon the professions upholding of public values through the development, transmission and application of a body of knowledge

The role of leaders and leadership was acknowledged This has long been emphasized in business and the professions

The fact in order to deliver the same institutional function it does not require a particular institutional form Likewise a particular institutional form can deliver very different functions in different country contexts